1. Dish End Blank Dia Calculation Formula Pdf
2. Torispherical Head Volume Calculation Xls

Setelah mendapatkan semua head, dari head tekanan, head kecepatan, head statik, dan head loss, maka kita dapat mencari total head dari pompa. Selain itu, ada juga cara cepat untuk memperkirakan head pompa, dengan cara sebagai berikut. Pressure vessel silindris vertical yang tinggi ( lihat gambar 2.12), pada umumnya disokong oleh skirt. Skirt support adalah bagian shell silinder yang dilaskan salah satunya pada bagian bawah dari badan vessel atau bagian bawah head (untuk vessel silindris). Skirt untuk vessel sferis dilaskan pada vessel dekat pada bagian tengah shell.

A head is one of the end caps on a cylindrically shaped pressure vessel.

• 3Shapes
  • 3.3Torispherical (or Flanged and Dished) head

Principle[edit]

Vessel dished ends are mostly used in storage or pressure vessels in industry. These ends, which in upright vessels are the bottom and the top, use less space than a hemisphere (which is the ideal form for pressure containments) while requiring only a slightly thicker wall.

Manufacturing[edit]

The manufacturing of such an end is easier than that of a hemisphere. The starting material is first pressed to a radius r₁ and then curled at the edge creating the second radius r₂. Vessel dished ends can also be welded together from smaller pieces.

Shapes[edit]

The shape of the heads used can vary. The most common^[1][2] head shapes are:

Hemispherical head[edit]

A sphere is the ideal shape for a head, because the pressure in the vessel is divided equally across the surface of the head. The radius (r) of the head equals the radius of the cylindrical part of the vessel.

Ellipsoidal head[edit]

This is also called an elliptical head. The shape of this head is more economical, because the height of the head is just a fraction of the diameter. Its radius varies between the major and minor axis; usually the ratio is 2:1.

Torispherical (or Flanged and Dished) head[edit]

These heads have a dish with a fixed radius (r1), the size of which depends on the type of torispherical head.^[3] The transition between the cylinder and the dish is called the knuckle. The knuckle has a toroidal shape. The most common types of torispherical heads are:

ASME F&D head

Commonly used for ASME pressure vessels, these torispherical heads have a crown radius equal to the outside diameter of the head (${\displaystyle r_1=Do}$), and a knuckle radius equal to 6% of the outside diameter (${\displaystyle r_2=0.06\times Do}$). The ASME design code does not allow the knuckle radius to be any less than 6% of the outside diameter.^[4]

Klöpper head[edit]

This is a torispherical head. The dish has a radius that equals the diameter of the cylinder it is attached to (${\displaystyle r_1=Do}$). The knuckle has a radius that equals a tenth of the diameter of the cylinder (${\displaystyle r_2=0.1\times Do}$), hence its alternative designation 'decimal head'.

Also other sizes are: ${\displaystyle h\ge 3.5\times t}$ ,^[5](page13) rest of height (${\displaystyle h_2}$) ${\displaystyle h_2=0.1935\times Do-0.455\times t}$ .

Korbbogen head[edit]

This is a torispherical head also named Semi ellipsoidal head (According to DIN 28013). The radius of the dish is 80% of the diameter of the cylinder (${\displaystyle r_1=0.8\times Do}$). The radius of the knuckle is (${\displaystyle r_2=0.154\times Do}$).

Also other sizes are ${\displaystyle h\ge 3\times t}$, rest of height (${\displaystyle h_2}$) ${\displaystyle h_2=0.255\times Do-0.635\times t}$. This shape^[6] finds its origin in architecture; see Korbbogen, architectural information.

80-10 head

These heads have a crown radius of 80% of outside diameter, and a knuckle radius of 10% of outside diameter.

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Flat head[edit]

This is a head consisting of a toroidal knuckle connecting to a flat plate. This type of head is typically used for the bottom of cookware.

Diffuser head[edit]

This type of head is often found on the bottom of aerosol spray cans. It is an inverted torispherical head.

Conical head[edit]

This is a cone-shaped head.

Heat treatment[edit]

Heat treatment may be required after cold forming, but not for heads formed by hot forming.^[7]

References[edit]

Dish End Blank Dia Calculation Formula Pdf

1. ^Juenger.comArchived 2007-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^Dished heads
3. ^Torispherical head
4. ^'Brighton Tru-Edge » asme-flanged-dished'. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
5. ^http://teledu.mech.teilar.gr/mod/resource/view.php?id=101
6. ^Korbogen design standard
7. ^ASME Section VIII Div.1 for further detail.

A head is one of the end caps on a cylindrically shaped pressure vessel.

• 3Shapes
  • 3.3Torispherical (or Flanged and Dished) head

Principle[edit]

Vessel dished ends are mostly used in storage or pressure vessels in industry. These ends, which in upright vessels are the bottom and the top, use less space than a hemisphere (which is the ideal form for pressure containments) while requiring only a slightly thicker wall.

Manufacturing[edit]

The manufacturing of such an end is easier than that of a hemisphere. The starting material is first pressed to a radius r₁ and then curled at the edge creating the second radius r₂. Vessel dished ends can also be welded together from smaller pieces.

Shapes[edit]

The shape of the heads used can vary. The most common^[1][2] head shapes are:

Hemispherical head[edit]

A sphere is the ideal shape for a head, because the pressure in the vessel is divided equally across the surface of the head. The radius (r) of the head equals the radius of the cylindrical part of the vessel.

Ellipsoidal head[edit]

This is also called an elliptical head. The shape of this head is more economical, because the height of the head is just a fraction of the diameter. Its radius varies between the major and minor axis; usually the ratio is 2:1.

Torispherical (or Flanged and Dished) head[edit]

These heads have a dish with a fixed radius (r1), the size of which depends on the type of torispherical head.^[3] The transition between the cylinder and the dish is called the knuckle. The knuckle has a toroidal shape. The most common types of torispherical heads are:

ASME F&D head

Commonly used for ASME pressure vessels, these torispherical heads have a crown radius equal to the outside diameter of the head (${\displaystyle r_1=Do}$), and a knuckle radius equal to 6% of the outside diameter (${\displaystyle r_2=0.06\times Do}$). The ASME design code does not allow the knuckle radius to be any less than 6% of the outside diameter.^[4]

Klöpper head[edit]

This is a torispherical head. The dish has a radius that equals the diameter of the cylinder it is attached to (${\displaystyle r_1=Do}$). The knuckle has a radius that equals a tenth of the diameter of the cylinder (${\displaystyle r_2=0.1\times Do}$), hence its alternative designation 'decimal head'.

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Also other sizes are: ${\displaystyle h\ge 3.5\times t}$ ,^[5](page13) rest of height (${\displaystyle h_2}$) ${\displaystyle h_2=0.1935\times Do-0.455\times t}$ .

Korbbogen head[edit]

This is a torispherical head also named Semi ellipsoidal head (According to DIN 28013). Vlc for chrome browser mac. The radius of the dish is 80% of the diameter of the cylinder (${\displaystyle r_1=0.8\times Do}$). The radius of the knuckle is (${\displaystyle r_2=0.154\times Do}$).

Also other sizes are ${\displaystyle h\ge 3\times t}$, rest of height (${\displaystyle h_2}$) ${\displaystyle h_2=0.255\times Do-0.635\times t}$. This shape^[6] finds its origin in architecture; see Korbbogen, architectural information.

80-10 head

These heads have a crown radius of 80% of outside diameter, and a knuckle radius of 10% of outside diameter.

Flat head[edit]

This is a head consisting of a toroidal knuckle connecting to a flat plate. This type of head is typically used for the bottom of cookware.

Diffuser head[edit]

This type of head is often found on the bottom of aerosol spray cans. It is an inverted torispherical head.

Conical head[edit]

This is a cone-shaped head.

Heat treatment[edit]

Heat treatment may be required after cold forming, but not for heads formed by hot forming.^[7]

References[edit]

1. ^Juenger.comArchived 2007-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^Dished heads
3. ^Torispherical head
4. ^'Brighton Tru-Edge » asme-flanged-dished'. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
5. ^http://teledu.mech.teilar.gr/mod/resource/view.php?id=101
6. ^Korbogen design standard
7. ^ASME Section VIII Div.1 for further detail.

Torispherical Head Volume Calculation Xls